Hardly had I ... (negative inversion)
Hardly had I ... (negative inversion) の意味は “否定倒置:否定の副詞で文を始めると、強調のため疑問文の語順になる”. 文が never、hardly、seldom、rarely、no sooner、not only などの否定・限定の副詞で始まると、疑問文と同じように主語と助動詞が入れ替わります:Never have I seen such a thing. 接続: Negative adverb + auxiliary + subject + verb (Hardly + had + subject + past participle ... when ...)
否定倒置:否定の副詞で文を始めると、強調のため疑問文の語順になる
B2接続
Negative adverb + auxiliary + subject + verb (Hardly + had + subject + past participle ... when ...)
解説
文が never、hardly、seldom、rarely、no sooner、not only などの否定・限定の副詞で始まると、疑問文と同じように主語と助動詞が入れ替わります:Never have I seen such a thing。hardly・scarcely・no sooner で、すばやく続く二つの過去の出来事を述べるときは、先の出来事を過去完了にします:Hardly had I arrived when it started to rain。この構文は強調的で正式、書き言葉や劇的な語り口によく使われます。
例文
注意
hardly と no sooner はそれぞれ決まった語と組みます:hardly ... when と no sooner ... than。No sooner had I sat down than the phone rang と言います。
FAQ
Hardly had I ... (negative inversion) — どんな意味でどう使う?
否定倒置:否定の副詞で文を始めると、強調のため疑問文の語順になる. 文が never、hardly、seldom、rarely、no sooner、not only などの否定・限定の副詞で始まると、疑問文と同じように主語と助動詞が入れ替わります:Never have I seen such a thing。hardly・scarcely・no sooner で、すばやく続く二つの過去の出来事を述べるときは、先の出来事を過去完了にします:Hardly had I arrived when it started to rain。この構文は強調的で正式、書き言葉や劇的な語り口によく使われます。
Hardly had I ... (negative inversion) — 接続は?
Negative adverb + auxiliary + subject + verb (Hardly + had + subject + past participle ... when ...)
Hardly had I ... (negative inversion) — 注意点は?
hardly と no sooner はそれぞれ決まった語と組みます:hardly ... when と no sooner ... than。No sooner had I sat down than the phone rang と言います。